Charles Upham
Charles Upham: A Legacy of Valor
Charles Hazlitt Upham (21 September 1908 – 22 November 1994) was a distinguished New Zealand soldier renowned for his extraordinary acts of bravery during World War II. His remarkable contributions to the war effort earned him prestigious accolades, including two Victoria Crosses, making him one of only three individuals to achieve such an honor. This article explores Upham’s early life, his military career during the war, and his legacy following his return to New Zealand.
Early Life
Charles Upham was born in Christchurch, New Zealand, into a family with notable heritage. His father, John Hazlitt Upham, was a lawyer, and his mother, Agatha Mary Coates, came from a lineage of pioneer colonists. Upham’s childhood was marked by a quiet demeanor; he was often described as shy and gentlemanly, which earned him the nickname “Puggie.” Despite facing some physical challenges during his youth, including a suspected mild case of poliomyelitis, he excelled academically and engaged deeply with his studies.
Upham attended Waihi School and later Christ’s College in Christchurch. After completing his education, he enrolled at the Canterbury Agricultural College (now Lincoln University) in 1928. His passion for agriculture blossomed there; he excelled in various subjects and earned a diploma in agriculture in 1930. Following his graduation, he worked diligently as a sheep farmer and eventually transitioned into land valuation with the Government Valuation Department.
Military Career During World War II
The outbreak of World War II in 1939 marked a significant turning point in Upham’s life. He enlisted in the Second New Zealand Expeditionary Force (2NZEF) at the age of 30 and was quickly promoted through the ranks due to his leadership abilities and combat skills. He first served in Greece before being deployed to Crete, where he would earn his first Victoria Cross.
The Battle of Crete
In May 1941, during the Battle of Crete, Upham showcased remarkable courage under fire. He led his platoon on numerous assaults against German positions while constantly risking his own life to save wounded comrades. Despite being injured himself, Upham’s leadership inspired his men to perform admirably amidst overwhelming odds. For his actions during this campaign, he was awarded the Victoria Cross on 14 October 1941.
North Africa Campaign
Following the events in Crete, Upham continued to serve with distinction in North Africa. In July 1942, during the First Battle of El Alamein, he again displayed extraordinary bravery despite suffering severe wounds. His actions during this battle earned him a second Victoria Cross—making him one of only three individuals to receive this honor twice. Throughout these campaigns, Upham consistently exhibited tactical brilliance and an unwavering commitment to his fellow soldiers.
Prisoner of War Experience
Upham’s military service took a drastic turn when he was captured by Axis forces after being severely wounded during combat on 15 July 1942. His time as a prisoner of war was fraught with challenges as he endured harsh conditions and made multiple escape attempts from various POW camps across Italy and Germany.
Despite the brutal circumstances of captivity, Upham’s resolve remained unbroken. He became known for his attempts to escape from several camps including Colditz Castle, which housed high-profile Allied escapees. His relentless spirit during captivity further solidified his reputation as a courageous soldier willing to fight against all odds.
Post-War Life
After being liberated at the end of the war in 1945, Upham returned to New Zealand where he resumed farming on a property he acquired with the help of a war rehabilitation loan. Upham shunned any financial compensation for his heroism; instead, he opted to use funds raised by the community for educational scholarships for children of ex-servicemen. He married Molly McTamney in June 1945 and they went on to have three daughters together.
Upham remained active in community affairs and veterans’ organizations throughout his life but preferred a quiet existence away from public attention despite his heroics during the war. His modesty was exemplified by his rejection of offers for financial assistance or public accolades beyond those associated with military honors.
Legacy and Honors
Upham’s contributions to New Zealand’s military history are commemorated through various honors and memorials. In addition to receiving numerous medals including the Order of Honour from Greece in recognition of his service in battles there, Upham’s legacy is preserved through memorials such as HMNZS Charles Upham—a Royal New Zealand Navy ship—and statues erected in his honor across different locations in New Zealand.
Memorial Services
Upon passing away on 22 November 1994 at the age of 86, Charles Upham received a state funeral held at Christchurch Cathedral that was attended by thousands who came to pay their respects. His burial site at St Paul’s Anglican Church is marked by ongoing tributes that celebrate his remarkable life and enduring spirit.
Cultural Impact
The impact of Charles Upham extends beyond military accolades; he has been recognized in popular culture as well. A character inspired by him appears in video games such as Call of Duty: Vanguard, reflecting how deeply ingrained his legacy is within both historical and contemporary narratives surrounding valor and sacrifice.
Conclusion
The life of Charles Hazlitt Upham remains an indelible part of New Zealand’s history—embodying courage, resilience, and humility throughout both war and peace. His extraordinary feats during World War II not only earned him two Victoria Crosses but also left an inspiring legacy that continues to resonate today. The values he exemplified—selflessness, bravery under fire, and commitment to duty—serve as timeless reminders of what it means to be a true hero.
Artykuł sporządzony na podstawie: Wikipedia (EN).